Scientific Studies

Alkaline Mineral Water Health Benefits with Scientific Studies Citations

  1. Chan, Y. M., Shariff, Z. M., Chin, Y. S., Ghazali, S. S., Lee, P. Y., & Chan, K. S. (2022). Associations of alkaline water with metabolic risks, sleep quality, muscle strength: A cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women. PLOS ONE,
    17(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275640
  2. Hansen, T. H., Thomassen, M. T., Madsen, M. L., Kern, T., Bak, E. G., Kashani, A., Allin, K. H., Hansen, T., & Pedersen, O. (2018). The effect of drinking water pH on the human gut microbiota and glucose regulation: Results of a randomized controlled cross-over intervention. Scientific Reports, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34761-5
  3. Tanaka,Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2018). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical Gas Research, 8(4), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248267
  4. Tashiro,H., Kitahora, T., Fujiyama, Y., & Banba, T. (2000). Clinical evaluation of alkali-ionized water for chronic diarrhea e placebocontrolled double-blind study. Dig. Absorpt, 23, 52-56.
  5. Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2018). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical Gas Research, 8(4), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248267
  6. Hansen, TH, Thomassen MT, Madsen ML, Kern T, Bak EG, Kashani A, Allin KH, Hansen T, Pedersen O. The effect of drinking water pH on the human gut microbiota and glucose regulation: results of a randomized controlled cross-over intervention. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 9;8(1):16626. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34761-5. PMID: 30413727; PMCID: PMC6226457.
  7. Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2018). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical Gas Research, 8(4), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248267
  8. Shin, D. W., Yoon, H., Kim, H. S., Choi, Y. J., Shin, C. M., Park, Y. S., Kim, N., & Lee, D. H. (2018). Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Drinking Water on Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Evidence-Based
    Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM    , 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9147914
  9. Heil, D.P. Acid-base balance and hydration status following consumption of mineral-based alkaline bottled water. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 7, 29 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-29
  10. Weidman, J., Holsworth, R. E., Jr, Brossman, B., Cho, D. J., St Cyr, J., & Fridman, G. (2016). Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0153-8
  11. König, D., Muser, K., Dickhuth, H.H., Berg, A. and Deibert, P., 2009. Effect of a supplement rich in alkaline minerals on acid-base balance in humans. Nutrition journal, 8, pp.1-8.
  12. Heil DP, Bennett GG, Bond KS, Webster MD, Wolin KY. Influence of activity monitor location and bout duration on free-living physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009 Sep;80(3):424-33. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2009.10599580. PMID: 19791628.
  13. Chan, Y. M., Shariff, Z. M., Chin, Y. S., Ghazali, S. S., Lee, P. Y., & Chan, K. S. (2022). Associations of alkaline water with metabolic risks, sleep quality, muscle strength: A cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women. PloS one, 17(10), e0275640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275640
  14. Zhang, G., Deng, T., Deng, R., Sun, X., He, Y., & Liu, Z. (2022). Baseline urine pH is related to effective urine alkalization by short-term alkaline water supplementation: data from a self-controlled study in healthy Chinese volunteers following a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature. Translational andrology and urology, 11(5), 710–719. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-22-280
  15. Merne, M. E., Syrjänen, K. J., & Syrjänen, S. M. (2001). Systemic and local effects of long-term exposure to alkaline drinking water in rats. International journal of experimental pathology, 82(4), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2001.iep0082-0213-x
  16. Choi, Y. A., Lee, D. H., Cho, D. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). Outcomes Assessment of Sustainable and Innovatively Simple Lifestyle Modification at the Workplace - Drinking Electrolyzed-Reduced Water (OASIS-ERW): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(7), 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070564
  17. Park, S. K., & Park, S. K. (2013). Electrolyzed-reduced water increases resistance to oxidative stress, fertility, and lifespan via insulin/IGF-1-like signal in C. elegans. Biological research, 46(2), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602013000200005
  18. Watanabe, T., Kishikawa, Y., & Shirai, W. (1997). Influence of alkaline ionized water on rat erythrocyte hexokinase activity and myocardium. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 22(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.22.2_141
  19. Steffl, M., Kinkorova, I., Talar, K., Jandova, T., Moulisova, K., Omcirk, D., Malecek, J., Chrudimsky, J., Wilk, M., Stastny, P., & Petr, M. (2021). The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed Over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise - A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study. Journal of human kinetics, 78, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0046
  20. Magro, M., Corain, L., Ferro, S., Baratella, D., Bonaiuto, E., Terzo, M., Corraducci, V., Salmaso, L., & Vianello, F. (2016). Alkaline Water and Longevity: A Murine Study. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2016, 3084126. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3084126
  21. Fasihi, S., Fazelian, S., Farahbod, F., Moradi, F., & Dehghan, M. (2021). Effect of Alkaline Drinking Water on Bone Density of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Journal of menopausal medicine, 27(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.20036
  22. Tanaka Y, Saihara Y, Izumotani K, Nakamura H. Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Med Gas Res. 2019 Jan 9;8(4):160-166. doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.248267. PMID: 30713669; PMCID: PMC6352572
  23. Koyama, K. (2008). Effect of hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on urinary oxidative stress markers after an acute exercise: A randomized controlled trial. Anti-aging Med, 4, 117-122.
  24. Schwalfenberg G. K. (2012). The alkaline diet: is there evidence that an alkaline pH diet benefits health?. Journal of environmental and public health, 2012, 727630. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/727630
  25. LeBaron T, et al. (2022). Electrolyzed–reduced water: Review II: Safety concerns and effectiveness as a source of hydrogen water. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9736533/
  26. Logozzi M, et al. (2020). In vivo antiaging effects of alkaline water supplementation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32106720/
  27. Tanaka Y, et al. (2018). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6352572/
  28. Weidman, J, et al. (2016). Effect of electrolyzed high-pH alkaline water on blood viscosity in healthy adults. https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-016-0153-8
  29. Fasihi S, et al. (2021). Effect of alkaline drinking water on bone density of
    postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8408322/
  30. Hopkins, E, et al. (2022). Physiology, acid base balance. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507807/
  31. Jackson, K, et al. (2018). Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water, in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30568387/
  32. Tanaka,Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2019). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical gas research, 8(4), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248267
  33. Logozzi, M., Mizzoni, D., Di Raimo, R., Andreotti, M., Macchia, D., Spada, M., & Fais, S. (2020). In vivo antiaging effects of alkaline water supplementation. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 35(1), 657–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2020.1733547
  34. Xue, J., Shang, G., Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Hou, L., Velasquez, N., Liu, W., & Lu, Y. (2014). Dose-dependent inhibition of gastric injury by hydrogen in alkaline electrolyzed drinking water. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 14, 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-81
  35. LeBaron,T. W., Sharpe, R., & Ohno, K. (2022). Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review I. Molecular Hydrogen Is the Exclusive Agent Responsible for the Therapeutic Effects. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(23),
    14750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314750
  36. Hu, D., Huang, T., Shigeta, M., Ochi, Y., Kabayama, S., Watanabe, Y., & Cui, Y. (2022). Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water Alleviates Abdominal Pain through Suppression of Colonic Tissue Inflammation in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients, 14(21), 4451. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214451
  37. Iketani, M., Sekimoto, K., Igarashi, T., Takahashi, M., Komatsu, M., Sakane, I., Takahashi, H., Kawaguchi, H., Ohtani-Kaneko, R., & Ohsawa, I. (2018). Administration of hydrogen-rich water prevents vascular aging of the aorta in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Scientific reports, 8(1), 16822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35239-0
  38. Choi, Y. A., Lee, D. H., Cho, D. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). Outcomes Assessment of Sustainable and Innovatively Simple Lifestyle Modification at the Workplace - Drinking Electrolyzed-Reduced Water (OASIS-ERW): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(7), 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070564
  39. Chycki, J., Zając, T., Maszczyk, A., & Kurylas, A. (2017). The effect of mineral-based alkaline water on hydration status and the metabolic response to short-term anaerobic exercise. Biology of sport, 34(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2017.66003
  40. Kajiyama, S., Hasegawa, G., Asano, M., Hosoda, H., Fukui, M., Nakamura, N., Kitawaki, J., Imai, S., Nakano, K., Ohta, M., Adachi, T., Obayashi, H., & Yoshikawa, T. (2008). Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 28(3), 37–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008
  41. Nakao, A., Toyoda, Y., Sharma, P., Evans, M., & Guthrie, N. (2010). Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. Journal of clinical biochemistry and
    nutrition    , 46(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.09-100
  42. Moribe, R., Minami, M., Hirota, R., J-P, N. A., Kabayama, S., Eitoku, M., Yamasaki, K., Kuroiwa, H., & Suganuma, N. (2024). Health Effects of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water for the Metabolic Syndrome and Pre-Metabolic Syndrome: A 3-Month Randomized Controlled Trial and Subsequent Analyses. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 13(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13020145
  43. Quattrini, S., Pampaloni, B., & Brandi, M. L. (2016). Natural mineral waters: chemical characteristics and health effects. Clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism : the official journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases, 13(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.3.173
  44. Chycki, J., Kurylas, A., Maszczyk, A., Golas, A., & Zajac, A. (2018). Alkaline water improves exercise-induced metabolic acidosis and enhances anaerobic exercise performance in combat sport athletes. PloS one, 13(11), e0205708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205708
  45. Tanaka, Y., Saihara, Y., Izumotani, K., & Nakamura, H. (2019). Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen influences human health, including gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical gas research, 8(4), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/2045-9912.248267
  46. Choi, Y. A., Lee, D. H., Cho, D. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). Outcomes Assessment of Sustainable and Innovatively Simple Lifestyle Modification at the Workplace - Drinking Electrolyzed-Reduced Water (OASIS-ERW): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(7), 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070564
  47. Quattrini, S., Pampaloni, B., & Brandi, M. L. (2016). Natural mineral waters: chemical characteristics and health effects. Clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism : the official journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases, 13(3), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.3.173
  48. Steffl, M., Kinkorova, I., Talar, K., Jandova, T., Moulisova, K., Omcirk, D., Malecek, J., Chrudimsky, J., Wilk, M., Stastny, P., & Petr, M. (2021). The Effects of High Mineral Alkaline Water Consumed Over Three Consecutive Days on Reaction Time Following Anaerobic Exercise - A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study. Journal of human kinetics, 78, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0046
  49. Suzuki, Y., Hishiki, T., Emi, A., Sakaguchi, S., Itamura, R., Yamamoto, R., Matsuzawa, T., Shimotohno, K., Mizokami, M., Nakano, T., & Yamamoto, N. (2021). Strong alkaline electrolyzed water efficiently inactivates SARS-CoV-2, other viruses, and Gram-negative bacteria. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 575, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.048
  50. LeBaron, T. W., Sharpe, R., & Ohno, K. (2022). Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review I. Molecular Hydrogen Is the Exclusive Agent Responsible for the Therapeutic Effects. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(23), 14750. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314750